Perennial Flowers

                          

      ROSE        

     

 Scientific name: Rosa spp.

        

Rose is the best known and most popular of all garden flowers throughout the world and is one of the nature’s beautiful creations and is universally known as the Queen of Flowers. Rose is better symbol of love, adoration and innocence not in our time only but also for thousands of years and it has been growing on this earth since time immemorial.

A rose is perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contain over 1000 species and comes in a variety of colours. The species from a group of erect shrubs , climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Most are native to Asia, with smaller numbers of species native to Europe, North America, Northwest Africa.

Importance and uses

Its different types having flowers of exquisite shape , different sizes ,bewitching colours  and most delightful fragrance has made it an important flower for its varied uses.

Shrub or bush Rose

These are upright in habit reaching a height and spread of 1 to 1.5 meters. The flowers are borne singly or in small clusters. Christian Dior, Double Delight, First Prize, Gladiator make good  bushes.

Standard Rose

They are also known as Tree rose. According to their height of budding they may be full standard e.g. Golden Giant, Crimson Glory, Floribunda; half standard e. g. Delhi Princes, Sea pearl;  and weeping standard e.g. Delhi White Pearl.

                                                                                                                               

Climbers and Ramblers

These roses can be used to cover the walls of houses or fencing or pergolas and arches. The beautiful climbers and ramblers are Delhi Pink Pearl, American Pillar.

Hedges and Edges

Vigorous Floribundas are suitable for making hedge. Edges can be produced by planting miniatures.

Rockery

For this purpose hardy miniature and pompon cultivars such as Fairy Queen and Magic may be selected.

Pot plants

Roses can be easily be grown as pot plants in suitable containers kept both indoors as well as outdoors. The cultivars like Baby Darling, Cinderella, Starina etc are quite suitable for this purposes.    

Hangers

The cultivars suitable for making rose hangers are the climbing miniatures-Red cascade and yellow Doll.

Cut flowers

Rose cut flowers arranged in flowers vases look extremely beautiful. Cultivars with more petallage and opening slowly with long lasting quality are chosen as cut flowers. Two Indian cultivars Arjun and Raktaganda are suitable for cut flowers.

Rose oil

It is an important commercial product obtained from rose petals. The commonly grown rose species to extract oil are Rosa damascena and  Rosa centifolia.

Rose water

It is also obtained from rose petals. Rose water is used to make perfume as well as medicines and confectionary products. It is also used in drinking water sprinkled at weeding, feasts and other social functions.

Gulkand

Rose petals are also preserved for direct consumption by making gulkand. It is considered both a tonic and laxative.

Pankhuri

Dried rose petals are known as pankhuri which is occasionally used for preparing sweetened cold drinks.

Gul-Roghan

It is rose hair oil prepared from rose petals by enfleurage with sesamum seeds.

    

GERBERA

Scientific name: Gerbera jamesonii

Gerbera, commonly known as Transvaal Daisy, Barberton Daisy or African Daisy, produced very attractive flowers .The genus Gerbera was named in honour of a German naturalist, Traugott Gerber. This is native to South African and Asiatic region.

Species  

 The genus Gerbera consists of about 40 species of half-hardy, perennial flowering plants. Out of all the recorded species, only Gerbera jamesonii is under cultivation.

Cultivar

Dusty, Fredaisy, Valentine, Vesta.

RONGON

Scientific name: Ixora coccinea

Ixora is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It is commonly known as West Indian Jasmine. Other common names include: kheme, ponna, chann tanea, techi, pan, santan, jarum-jarum, Jungle flame, Jungle geranium. Members of Ixora prefer acidic soil, and are suitable choices for bonsai. It is also a popular choice for hedges in parts of South East Asia, like in Thailand. In tropical climates they flower year round. Red Ixora flowers are commonly used in Hindu worship, as well as in Indian folk medicine.

Species

 

 Ixora albersii , Ixora brevipedunculata, Ixora foliosa, Ixora calycina, Ixora pudica, Ixora raiateensis,Ixora coccinea, Ixora malabarica, Ixora marquesensis.

JASMINE

Scientific name: Jasminum spp.

 

Jasminum commonly known as jasmines, is a of shrubs and vines in the olive family .(Oleaceae). It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions. Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers. Flowers and buds are used for making garland, bouquets, decorating hair of woman. They are also used for the production of perfumed hair oils.

Species

Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine): Bely

Jasminum auriculatum (Common jasmine): Jui

Jasminum grandiflorum (Poet’s jasmine):Chameli

SHEULY

Scientific name: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

Shiuli flower is the official flower of the state of West Bengal, India and has some sentimental attachment with Bengalis as it marks the arrival of Goddess Durga, the biggest festival in West Bengal. Common name : Night-flowering Jasmine, Coral Jasmine, Parijat, Shiuli /Shefali (in Bengali). The tree is sometimes called the "tree of sorrow", because the flowers lose their brightness during daytime; the scientific name arbor-tristis also means "sad tree.Flowers are used for making garland and also for hair decoration.

CHINA  ROSE
Scientific name: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Hibiscus is considered the Queen of the Tropics. Hibiscus grow wild in many tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate regions around the world. Hibiscus is the National Flower of Malaysia. The flowers are large, generally red in the original varieties, and firm, but generally lack any scent. Numerous variety cultivar and hybrids are available, with flower colors ranging from white through yellow and orange to scarlet and shades of pink, with both single and double sets of petals.

Species

Hibiscus canabinus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa.

 HASNAHENA

Scientific name: Cestrum nocturnum

Cestrum nocturnum is a species of Cestrum in the plant family Solanaceae. This species is native to the West Indies. Common names include night-blooming cesrum, lady of the night, queen of the night, and night-blooming jasmine. It is grown in subtropical regions as an ornamental plant for its flowers that are heavily perfumed at night. The flowers are greenish-white. There is also a variety with yellowish flowers.

GARDENIA

Scientific name: Gardenia jasminoides

Gardenia is a genus of 142 species of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiace, Gardenia plants are prized for the strong sweet scent of their flowers, which can be very large in size in some species. Its fruits are used in traditional Chinese medicine for their clearing, calming, and cooling properties.

Species

       

Gardenia jasminoides, Gardenia flava, Gardenia mannii, Gardenia gummifera, Gardenia carinata, Gardenia fortunei.

               

KRISHNOCHURA

Scientific name: Delonix regia

It is a perennial plant, under Leguminosae family.It has attractive red color. The surrounding look very beautiful, when the flowers bloom.

RADHACHURA

It is a perennial plant, under Leguminosae family. Various in color e.g. yellow, orange.

                      

          BOUGAINVILLEA

Scientific name: Bougainvillea spp.

RANGOON CRIPER

 

Scientific name: Quisqualis indica

It is a creeping vine. Also known as Brommolata. It has sweet smell.Various in color e.g.pink,white

Bougainvillea is one of the most popular flowering shrubs grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It can be grown as a flowering shrub, hedge, fence, climber, potted plant, or even as bonsai. It grows easily in almost any soil and does not require much care. If pruned regularly and provided with adequate water and feed, Bougainvillea can make a showy plant for any landscape or home garden. Bougainvillea produces pale-green to deep green leaves and colorful bracts of various colors including purple, magenta, red, pink, yellow, salmon and white. Bougainville is named after L. A. de Bougainville who discovered this flowering shrub in Brazil.

Varieties

.Bougainville Spectabilis, . Bougainville Glabra, Bougainville Formosa.

MUSSAENDA

Scientific name: Mussaenda erythrophylla

Mussaenda makes an excellent flowering shrub for landscapes and gardens. Mussaenda belongs to Rubiaceae, family. Mussaenda bears colorful bracts (red, pale pink, white) and small flowers that vary in color from white, yellow and orange. The leaves are hairy and of soft green color. For best show of colorful foliage and blooms, Mussaenda should be planted in brightly-lit locations.

Varieties

Mussaenda Erythrophylla, Mussaenda Luteola, Mussaenda Corymbosa.

BOKUL

Scientific name: Mimusops elengi

 

Mimusops elengi is a medium-sized evergreen tree. Common names include Spanish cherry, Medlar, and Bullet wood. Its timber is valuable, the fruit is edible, and it has traditional medicinal uses. It is mainly used in dental ailments like bleeding gums, pyorrhea, dental caries and loose teeth. The edible fruit is softly hairy becoming smooth, ovoid, bright red-orange when ripe.